الكاتب: محمد رؤوف
تاريخ النشر: 29 نوفمبر، 2007
الناشر: مركز الخليج للأبحاث
نوع الإصدار: أوراق خليجية
اللغة : انجليزي
Author : محمد روؤف
أوراق خليجية, الإصدارات, سلسلة دراساتالوسائل الاقتصادية كأداة للسياسة البيئية حالة دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي
ملخص: يمكن للوسائل والأدوات الاقتصادية أن تؤدي دوراً مهماً في معالجة المشكلات البيئية في دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي، وقد تم تبني الأدوات غير الاقتصادية (القانونية) وسيلةً لتحقيق أهداف إدارة البيئة في منطقة الخليج وجميع أنحاء العالم. ومؤخراً، تزايد تطبيق الأدوات الاقتصادية في العديد من الدول بشقيها، المتقدمة والنامية. وتستخدم الوسائل السياسية مثل السيطرة والتحكم والأدوات الاقتصادية في مجالات الحياة المختلفة. ولكن، في مجال البيئة الذي توجد فيه حاجة ملحة إلى استخدام هذين النوعين من الأدوات، نجد أن دول الخليج قد اعتمدت على أدوات السيطرة فقط.
لقد أثبتت التجربة أن مثل هذه المشكلات البيئية تعالج عادة باستخدام “مزيج من السياسات” التي تتكون من وسائل السيطرة والتحكم المختلفة، بالإضافة إلى الأدوات الاقتصادية وبرامج التوعية. وهناك حاجة ماسة إلى هذا المزيج من السياسات لمعالجة قضايا بيئية متنوعة أيضاً.
توضح هذه الورقة البحثية الاختلاف بين أدوات السيطرة والتحكم من جهة وبين الأدوات الاقتصادية من جهة أخرى، وسلبياتها وإيجابياتها، ودورها في السياسة البيئية، كما تطرح نماذج لأدوات اقتصادية مع بعض التجارب الدولية المنتقاة. ويناقش البحث أيضاً التشريعات الخليجية والاتفاقيات البيئية المتعددة الأطراف وعلاقتها بوسائل السيطرة والتحكم والأدوات الاقتصادية المستخدمة في معالجة المشكلات البيئية. وفي الختام، تقدم الورقة وصفاً للمتطلبات المسبقة اللازمة لتطبيق الأدوات الاقتصادية.
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